Berikut adalah beberapa jenis penyakit kulit yang dimaksutkan, sekaligus akan dibahas juga cara pencegahannya.

1. Kudis

Kudis adalah penyakit kulit yang menular, penyakit ini dalam bahasa ilmiah disebut scabies, memiliki gejala gatal, dan rasa gatal tersebut akan lebih para pada malam hari. Sering muncul di tempat-tempat lembab di tubuh seperti misalnya, tangan, ketiak, pantat, kunci paha dan terkang di celang jari tangan atau kaki.

Cara Pencegahan penyakit kudis dapat dilakukan dengan mencuci sperai tempat tidur, handuk dan pakaian yan dipakai dalam 2 hari belakangan dengan air hangat dan deterjen.

2. Kurap

Penyakit Kurap merupakan suatu penyakit kulit menular yang disebabkan oleh fungsi. Gejala kurap mulai dapat dikenali ketika terdapat baian kecil yang kasar pada kulit dan dikelilingi lingkaran merah muda. Kurap dapat dicegah dengan cara mencuci tangan yang sempurna, menjaga kebersihan tubuh, dan mengindari kontak dengan penderita.

Kurap dapat diobati dengan anti jamur yang mengandung mikonazol dan kloritomazol dengan benar dapat menghilangkan infeksi.

3. Panau

Panau atau Panu adalah salah satu penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh jamur. Penyakit panau ditandai dengan bercak yang terdapat pada kulit disertai rasa gatal pada saat berkeringat. Bercak-bercak ini bisa berwarna putih, coklat atau merah tergantung warna kulit si penderita.
Panau paling banyak dijumpai pada remaja usia belasan. Meskipun begitu panau juga bisa ditemukan pada penderita berumur tua.

Cara pencegahan penyakit kulit Panau dapat dilakukan dengan menjaga kebersihan kulit, dan dapat diobati dengan obat anti jamur yang dijual di pasaran, dan dapat juga diobati dengan obat-obatan tradisional seperti daun sirih yang dicampur dengan kapur sirih dan dioleh pada kulit yang terserang Panau.

EDB President Antonio Farina said that in addition to Providing an efficient and effective new financial tool for local businesspeople, the credit card has the virtue of being extremely convenient. “Businesspeople can apply for the credit card online at www.bdepr.org,” said Farina. “The turnaround on the application is a matter of days.”

Rodriguez said an EDB client who has been approved for the card can expect to receive it through the mail as quickly as two days later.

Farina said as many as 100.000 small and midsize-business clients Islandwide have been identified as possible candidates for the credit card, Which was launched during a press conference at the EDB attended by top officials from leading business organizations, including the Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce , the United Retailers Association, the Puerto Rico Manufacturers Association, and the Puerto Rico Hotel & Tourism Association.

At the event, Farina distributed the Ebb’s latest product to more than half a dozen businesspeople representing various sectors. Rodriguez said the credit card could easily add as much as $ 16 million to the Ebb’s loan portfolio. “This is another major step in the Ebb’s Efforts to Enhance the ability of our businesspeople to compete,” he said.

Farina also revealed that loan delinquencies at the bank have fallen by 36% during his first seven months at the helm of the EDB. Additionally, more than $ 2.5 million has been collected from businesses with loans that had been written off. That compares to collections of $ 629 million during the same period a year ago.

“We’ve been rolling up our sleeves and hitting The Streets,” said Farina, who indicated that as part of the bank’s more aggressive collection efforts, he now requires regular visits to clients.

Penyebab Penyakit Asma

Sampai saat ini penyebab penyakit asma belum diketahui secara pasti meski telah banyak penelitian oleh para ahli. Teori atau hypotesis mengenai penyebab seseorang mengidap asma belum disepakati oleh para ahli didunia kesehatan.

Namun demikian yang dapat disimpulkan adalah bahwa pada penderita asma saluran pernapasannya memiliki sifat yang khas yaitu sangat peka terhadap berbagai rangsangan (bronchial hyperreactivity = hipereaktivitas saluran napas) seperti polusi udara (asap, debu, zat kimia), serbuk sari, udara dingin, makanan, hewan berbulu, tekanan jiwa, bau/aroma menyengat (misalnya;parfum) dan olahraga.

Selain itu terjadinya serangan asma sebagai akibat dampak penderita mengalami infeksi saluran pernafasan atas (ISPA) baik flu ataupun sinisitis. Serangan penyakit asma juga bisa dialami oleh beberapa wanita dimasa siklus menstruasi, hal ini sangat jarang sekali.

Angka peningkatan penderita asma dikaitkan dengan adanya faktor resiko yang mendukung seseorang menderita penyakit asma, misalnya faktor keturunan. Jika seorang ibu atau ayah menderita penyakit asma, maka kemungkinan besar adanya penderita asma dalam anggota keluarga tersebut.

Tanda dan Gejala Penyakit Asma

Adapun tanda dan gejala penyakit asma diantaranya :

- Pernafasan berbunyi (wheezing/mengi/bengek) terutama saat mengeluarkan nafas (exhalation). Tidak semua penderita asma memiliki pernafasan yang berbunyi, dan tidak semua orang yang nafasnya terdegar wheezing adalah penderita asma!
- Adanya sesak nafas sebagai akibat penyempitan saluran bronki (bronchiale).
- Batuk berkepanjangan di waktu malam hari atau cuaca dingin.
- Adanya keluhan penderita yang merasakan dada sempit..
- Serangan asma yang hebat menyebabkan penderita tidak dapat berbicara karena kesulitannya dalam mengatur pernafasan.

Pada usia anak-anak, gejala awal dapat berupa rasa gatal dirongga dada atau leher. Selama serangan asma, rasa kecemasan yang berlebihan dari penderita dapat memperburuk keadaanya. Sebagai reaksi terhadap kecemasan, penderita juga akan mengeluarkan banyak keringat.

Cara Menghindari Serangan Asma

Langkah tepat yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghindari serangan asma adalah menjauhi faktor-faktor penyebab yang memicu timbulnya serangan asma itu sendiri. Setiap penderita umumnya memiliki ciri khas tersendiri terhadap hal-hal yang menjadi pemicu serangan asmanya.

Setelah terjadinya serangan asma, apabila penderita sudah merasa dapat bernafas lega akan tetapi disarankan untuk meneruskan pengobatannya sesuai obat dan dosis yang diberikan oleh dokter.

Penanganan dan Pengobatan Penyakit Asma

Penyakit Asma (Asthma) sampai saat ini belum dapat diobati secara tuntas, ini artinya serangan asma dapat terjadi dikemudian hari. Penanganan dan pemberian obat-obatan kepada penderita asma adalah sebagai tindakan mengatasi serangan yang timbul yang mana disesuaikan dengan tingkat keparahan dari tanda dan gejala itu sendiri. Prinsip dasar penanganan serangan asma adalah dengan pemberian obat-obatan baik suntikan (Hydrocortisone), syrup ventolin (Salbutamol) atau nebulizer (gas salbutamol) untuk membantu melonggarkan saluran pernafasan.

Pada kasus-kasus yang ringan dimana dirasakan adanya keluhan yang mengarah pada gejala serangan asma atau untuk mencegah terjadinya serangan lanjutan, maka tim kesehatan atau dokter akan memberikan obat tablet seperti Aminophylin dan Prednisolone. Bagi penderita asma, disarankan kepada mereka untuk menyediakan/menyimpan obat hirup (Ventolin Inhaler) dimanapun mereka berada yang dapat membantu melonggarkan saluran pernafasan dikala serangan terjadi.

What kind of brain tumors are there?

Brain tumors can be primary tumors or metastasis tumors. Primary tumors originate from the very cells that make up the various brain structures and metastasis tumors are tumors that have spread to the brain from another location extra cerebral. The latter are 10 times more common than primary brain tumors is estimated that about 20-40% of cancer patients develop brain metastases.

Primary brain tumors are highly variable group of tumors with very different origin, prognosis and treatment. They can range from very rare tumors such as polycystic astrocytoma curable with surgery only to the glioblastoma multiform virtually incurable despite treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

What primary brain tumors are most common?

The primary tumor is the most common benign meningioma (tumor originated in the brain coverings called meanings). In adults, the most common primary malignant tumors are glooms or astrocytomas. Glooms arise from atrocities or gill cells of the brain that form, together with the vascular network, the support of neurons. In turn, astrocytomas as less aggressive or more are classified as grade I, II, III (Ana plastic astrocytoma) and IV (glioblastoma multiform).

Is there any reason known to produce brain tumors?

There is no known cause responsible for this disease. Less than 5% of glooms have a known family history and there are various degenerative brain diseases predisposing to glooms. Nor was it shown that mobile phones are causing an increased incidence of brain tumors, nor alcohol intake or smoking.

What symptoms may suggest the presence of a brain tumor?

Headache is the most common nonspecific symptom and is often difficult for us to suspect its presence in a brain tumor. Nausea, vomiting and symptoms resulting from increased intracranial pressure such as drowsiness may be more indicative of the presence of a brain tumor.

There are other more specific signs and symptoms that appear depending on the location of the disease such as focal signs (power loss, difficulty speaking or visual field deficits), seizures and bleeding.

How are brain tumors diagnosed?

Suspecting a brain tumor, the imaging method to be recommended is the MRI because it has better anatomic definition than CT and more precisely defines brain tumors.

The definitive diagnosis is made pathologically after resection or biopsy of the tumor. The latter must always be done if the tumor is unrespectable or inoperable. It is true that in some cancer sites such as the brainstem biopsy is not recommended for the serious consequences that can derive from it. In cases of lung cancer, especially small cell melanoma and renal tumors is performed MRI to rule out brain metastases before starting primary tumor treatment by the high probability of spreading to the brain.

There is a known metabolic PET scan (positron emission tomography) that is capable of measuring tumor behavior (more or less aggressive) as the incorporation of labeled glucose or other molecules. In this diagnostic phase may be useful in directing biopsy to an area of high-grade features, or where biopsy is contraindicated in addition to information provided by MRI brain.

What are known prognostic factors in brain tumors?

The prognosis of patients with brain tumors are inversely related to age and histological grade and directly related to the patient’s clinical situation. Some molecular markers have been identified as prognostic factors (egg deletions in oligodendrogliomas 1p19q)

In low-grade glooms I and II good prognostic factors that have been identified include age younger than 40 years, tumor diameter less than 6 inches, the tumor does not exceed the midline, histological type and the absence of oligoastrocytoma neurological deficits. Depending on the varying number of these factors predicts better or worse survival of 9 to 2 years respectively.

The good prognostic factors for glooms III and IV are age (under 40 years), have good condition with autonomy, normal mental status and achieve a complete surgical resection. Survival in patients with high grade tumors is lower, ranging between 2 years 6 months according to prognostic group.

The age younger than 60 years, the presence of single brain metastasis and no other location of metastasis disease are factors associated with better prognosis in patients with brain metastases.

What is the treatment of brain tumors?

Are used anticonvulsants and corticosteroids as supportive therapy in some patients?

Definitive treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

In low grade glooms the recommended treatment is surgery and radiation. We recommend intermediate-dose radiotherapy (50 Gee) and has been shown that administration of radiotherapy in the postoperative period does not increase the survival of these patients regarding administered when the disease progresses but increases the time that the tumor is controlled.

In high-grade gloom treatment that has shown increased survival is the combination of surgery (when feasible), radiation at a dose greater than in low grade glooms and chemotherapy. The postoperative treatment component that has shown greater benefit is the radiation and therefore is recommended to administer an adequate dose (60 Gee) in a confined volume with sophisticated techniques for excluding outside the radiation field the largest proportion of healthy brain tissue avoid toxicity. This uses several novel techniques such as three-dimensional radiotherapy formed, radiation therapy and intensity modulation of the beam and stereo tactic techniques. There are new chemotherapy drugs that have shown activity (15-30% response) in high-grade tumors such as temozolomide, taxies, irinotecan. Also recently approved in Spain the use of BCNU polymers (camurstine) that are deposited into the surgical cavity during surgery and are slowly releasing the drug to treat residual disease around the surgical bed. The simultaneous combination of temozolomide and radiotherapy has demonstrated a survival benefit versus exclusive radiotherapy in malignant glooms. Also, the combination of molecular chemotherapy drugs (anti growth receptors) are demonstrating high response rates.

The treatment of brain metastases may be surgical (single or symptomatic metastases) or radio surgery (metastases less than 3 cm). This treatment is usually associated with radiotherapy of the entire cranial contents (radiotherapy holocraneal).

What about after treatment?

After completing treatment should follow up of patients with brain MRI. Every 6 months in low grade glooms and every 3 months for high grade glooms. There are two situations in which the resonance is sometimes not identify with certainty the observed images. A relatively frequent occurrence in the follow-up period of a high-grade gloom on a known low grade gloom and the other is the observation after radiotherapy treatment of a residual lesion called necrosis that is indistinguishable from a high-grade tumor . In these circumstances you can use the PET that can solve these diagnostic doubts.

* Mencuci muka dengan hati-hati satu atau dua kali sehari.
* Jangan memencet bintil (pimples), karena sering mengarah ke infeksi, jerawat (acne) parah, dan parut / bekas.
* Gunakan air dari produk perawatan kulit dengan hati-hati yang bersih kulit Anda. Menghindari produk seperti susu pembersih (milky cleansers), krim dingin, lipsticks, dan lip glosses yang mengandung minyak.
* Menggunakan obat cream, soap, lotion, gel dan untuk merawat jerawat (acne) Anda. Selalu membaca label dengan hati-hati untuk memastikan Anda menggunakan produk dengan benar.

Contoh beberapa produk / obat jerawat yang digunakan untuk perawatan jerawat (acne), termasuk:

* Benzoyl peroxide (Benoxyl, Benzac, Clearasil), yang bisa membersihkan pori-pori.
* Alpha-hydroxy acid, yang mengeringkan luka dan menyebabkan lapisan kulit teratas mengelupas. Anda akan menemukan alpha-hydroxy acid dalam moisturizer, cleanser, krim mata, dan sunscreens.
* Salicylic acid (Clearasil, Propa pH, Stri-Dex), yang mengeringkan luka dan menyebabkan lapisan kulit teratas mengelupas.
* Minyak pohon teh yang membunuh bakteri. Anda akan menemukan minyak pohon teh di gels, creams, dan minyak.

Produk lainnya yang dapat membantu Anda secara keseluruhan kondisi kulit termasuk strip pembersih pori kulit. Bila Anda melengketkan strip di kulitmu, kotoran dan / atau makeup dikeluarkan oleh strip.

Anda akan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik jika anda mengikuti petunjuk untuk menggunakan obat yang Jika Anda menggunakan produk terlalu sering, jerawat (acne) bisa jadi parah.